Summer is the perfect time to enjoy the outdoors, whether you're spending the day at the pool, working in the yard, or taking a family vacation. But as temperatures climb, so does your risk of heat-related illness.
Heat exhaustion and heat stroke can happen quickly, especially during periods of high heat and humidity. Certain medications can also make it harder for your body to cool itself or stay hydrated.
Understanding the warning signs—and taking simple precautions—can help you enjoy a safe and healthy summer.
Heat Exhaustion vs. Heat Stroke
Although they're related, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are not the same.
Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion occurs when your body loses too much water and salt through sweating.
Common symptoms include:
- Heavy sweating
- Muscle cramps
- Fatigue or weakness
- Headache
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Cool, pale, or clammy skin
- Fast, weak pulse
Without treatment, heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke.
Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is a medical emergency.
Symptoms include:
- Body temperature of 103°F (39.4°C) or higher
- Confusion or unusual behavior
- Hot, red, dry skin (although sweating may still occur in some cases)
- Rapid, strong pulse
- Seizures
- Loss of consciousness
If you suspect someone is experiencing heat stroke, call 911 immediately. While waiting for emergency responders, move the person to a cooler location and begin cooling them with cool cloths or ice packs if available.
Medications That May Increase Heat Risk
Many people are surprised to learn that some medications can make it harder for the body to stay cool or hydrated.
Examples include:
Diuretics ("Water Pills")
Diuretics such as Hydrochlorothiazide and Furosemide increase urine production, which can raise the risk of dehydration during hot weather.
Blood Pressure Medications
Some blood pressure medications may affect how your body responds to heat or contribute to dehydration. Staying hydrated and following your healthcare provider's recommendations is especially important.
Certain Antihistamines
Some allergy medications can decrease sweating, making it harder for your body to cool itself.
Mental Health Medications
Certain antidepressants and antipsychotic medications may interfere with temperature regulation or increase the risk of overheating.
Stimulant Medications
Some medications used to treat attention disorders can increase body temperature or reduce your ability to recognize early signs of overheating.
Never stop taking a prescribed medication because of hot weather. Instead, talk with your pharmacist or healthcare provider about ways to stay safe.
Stay Hydrated
Water is your body's best defense against heat illness.
To stay hydrated:
- Drink water throughout the day—not just when you're thirsty.
- Increase your fluid intake if you're spending time outdoors.
- Limit alcohol, which can contribute to dehydration.
- If you're exercising or sweating heavily, ask your healthcare provider whether electrolyte replacement is appropriate for you.
Dress for the Weather
Lightweight, loose-fitting, and light-colored clothing can help your body stay cool.
Don't forget:
- A wide-brimmed hat
- Sunglasses
- Sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher
Avoid the Hottest Part of the Day
Temperatures are usually highest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
If possible:
- Exercise in the early morning or evening.
- Take frequent breaks in the shade or air conditioning.
- Avoid prolonged outdoor work during peak heat.
Who Is Most at Risk?
Some people are more vulnerable to heat-related illness, including:
- Older adults
- Young children
- People with heart disease or diabetes
- Individuals who work outdoors
- Athletes
- Anyone taking medications that affect hydration or body temperature
If you care for someone in one of these groups, check on them regularly during periods of extreme heat.
What to Do if Someone Shows Signs of Heat Exhaustion
If someone develops symptoms of heat exhaustion:
- Move them to a cool, shaded, or air-conditioned area.
- Encourage them to sip cool water if they are awake and alert.
- Loosen or remove excess clothing.
- Apply cool, wet towels or ice packs to the neck, armpits, and groin.
If symptoms worsen, last longer than an hour, or the person becomes confused or loses consciousness, seek emergency medical care immediately.
Your Pharmacist Can Help You Stay Safe
Your pharmacist can help you:
- Review medications that may increase heat sensitivity.
- Recommend hydration products and electrolytes.
- Answer questions about summer medication storage.
- Help you prepare for outdoor activities and travel.
We're here to help you stay healthy in every season.
Enjoy Summer Safely
Summer is meant to be enjoyed—but high temperatures can pose serious health risks if you're not prepared.
Stay hydrated, know the warning signs of heat-related illness, and be aware of how your medications may affect your body's response to heat.
Before heading out this summer, stop by the pharmacy. Whether you need hydration products, sunscreen, or advice about your medications, our team is here to help you beat the heat and enjoy a safe, healthy summer.